I. Two-stage separation process of Rocana (Zambia)
(1) Overview
Rhokana (Rokana) operating subsidiaries are: underground and open pit mines, rhokana processing plant, copper smelter, cobalt smelter (1979 annual output of 2000 tons of cobalt metal, cobalt 1982 annual output of 4000 tons) and sulfuric acid plant ( With an annual output of 250,000 tons).
The Rocana copper-cobalt deposit is buried in the eastern edge of the Enkana syncline, which is close to the complex fold of the northwest. The vein is about 14 kilometers long and the total ore reserves are 125 million tons. The ore contains 2.36% copper. The main copper minerals in the deep ore of the deposit are chalcopyrite, porphyrite, chalcopyrite and sulphur-copper-cobalt. The surface is mainly malachite, chrysamma, copper-bearing manganese and mica. .
(2) Segregation-flotation process
The plant processed refractory copper ore and started production in 1965. It is the first industrial-scale manufacturer to adopt this process. The ore comes from the open pit mine in Area E. The current mine supply is 200 tons/day, the original mine contains 4.5% copper, and the design capacity is 400 tons/day. The process of the separation plant is as follows: the ore after grinding is heated to 300 ° C in a coal-fired ore- fired layer roaster, and then enters the separation chamber where salt and coal are added to produce HCI and Na 2 SiO 3 , and HCI diffuses to A gas-containing copper chloride is formed in the mineral particles, and several reactions occur simultaneously on the surface of the coal particles, including reduction of the copper-containing chloride into metallic copper. The separated charge is quenched with water and copper is recovered by a general flotation method. The salt consumption is 5 kg/ton and the coal consumption is 10 kg/ton. The flotation index of the isolated product is 4.66% copper in the original ore, 29.3% copper in the concentrate, 0.72% copper in the tailings, and 87.2% copper recovery. In 1970, it was transferred to formal production and became a subsidiary workshop of the Rocana mine.
Second, the two separation process of Akjudit (Mauritania)
(1) Overview
The Acshugit mine is located north of Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, with an ore reserve of about 30 million tons with an average ore grade of 2.5%, of which about 8 million tons of copper oxide ore, some of which are exposed to the surface. Some are up to 30 meters deep.
Copper oxide ores contain copper minerals with a large number of closely connected raw hematite - chalcopyrite magnetite ore containing mainly the lower portion of magnetite ore and iron-containing carbonate minerals, mainly copper minerals. The mine is operated by the Omila Mining and Metallurgical Company, which includes capital from the United States, the United Kingdom and France. The plant was built in 1970 and has a daily processing capacity of 4,000 tons of ore. The total infrastructure cost is $58 million, of which $20 million is for transportation infrastructure.
In the first three to four years of mining, the mine is mainly copper oxide ore. The average grade of copper is 2.7% and the gold content is 3.1 g/ton. The ore cannot be sorted by ordinary beneficiation methods, and the segregation method can be effectively treated. In Zambia, he has conducted industrial trials using copper ore (500 tons/day). According to the test done by Zambia, he chose the dry grinding process and used a gas drop mill with a diameter of 6.7 meters for magnetite. The magnetic separation method can reduce the total processing capacity by 17%, while the copper loss is small. Magnetic separation can increase the grade of copper from 2.7% to 3.2%, and gold from 3.1 grams/ton to 3.6 grams/ton.
(2) Segregation-flotation process
In order to achieve roasting and segregation, four Dow-Ollivo type boiling layer reactors with separation chambers were installed, each with a capacity of 900 tons. The non-magnetic portion is calcined at a temperature of 760 to 850 ° C, and then directly discharged into a vertical separation chamber where 2% of coal and 0.5% of salt are added to carry out an isolation reaction. The isolated fuel is cooled by water and then floated, and the coarse particles are recovered in a cyclone, and re-milled before flotation to dissociate the gold to the monomer. The industrial test flotation concentrate contains more than 60% copper and 50 g/ton of gold. The flotation recovery rate of copper is 89-92%, and most of the silver enters the concentrate.
The factory has a low operating rate, with an average of 39.6% in 1972 and an average of 57.2% in 1973. The main reason is that the four series often only have three series of production, one series of overhaul. In addition, the mechanical equipment of the material system is often problematic before and after roasting, and the sand and high temperature climate in the desert area are seriously worn on mechanical equipment. Other transport pipes are often clogged, worn and corroded, and often cause downtime. Most of the equipment in the plant is imported. Due to the inability to arrive in time, the equipment is inspected and repaired, resulting in shutdown and waiting for production, so that production cannot be carried out normally.
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